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As a result of that research, there’s a new "},{"text":"strategy","_key":"829fc122639b1","_type":"span","marks":["c233ee1919e3"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" for deterring sharks from attacking surfers or kayakers.","_key":"829fc122639b2"}],"_type":"block"},{"_key":"184dfec594f7","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":["strong"],"text":"At first sight","_key":"2dbb662ceda80","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Essentially, researchers found that by affixing LED lights to the underside of surfboards and kayaks is enough to interrupt a shark’s hunting instincts.","_key":"6437c204c0380"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"4c361e4b413b"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"Macquarie University researcher Dr. Laura Ryan chose Mossel Bay to conduct the study due to the high number of sharks. She used","_key":"b18cfd3f6dcb0","_type":"span","marks":[]},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" decoys shaped like seals ","_key":"d1606449eed2"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"and tested shark responses. Evidence showed that attacks were significantly less likely on the decoys equipped with LED lighting.","_key":"c6a483ff7cd5"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"2d16c0f5eab0"},{"_key":"9ba907a16c71","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The reason bright lights are so effective on sharks is that these animals depend on their incredible vision to track and hunt prey. While constant, bright light appears to be the best way to","_key":"f1396895f5d10"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" disrupt that sense of sight","_key":"25b2aa4f1582"},{"_key":"4c18b635bbfd","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", evidence shows that other lighting methods aren’t as effective."}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Strobe lights, for example, didn’t prevent sharks from identifying prey even during the brief moments that the light flickers off.","_key":"b87835385f430"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"761f1e0af0c2","markDefs":[]},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ab4296d7aa94","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Simply misunderstood","_key":"8657ff5469d20"}]},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"aa720de85af8","markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"Although shark attacks are relatively rare, they receive a lot of media attention due to their often vicious nature. And while this has earned the species a reputation for being overtly aggressive toward humans, ","_key":"cecdde344bce0","_type":"span","marks":[]},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"experts say that’s not the case","_key":"b1b8a5266ac6"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":".","_key":"481d17be0228"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"6cb3aed94a410","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"In fact, most shark attacks appear to be a case of mistaken identity. As it turns out, the bottoms of surfboards and kayaks can look a lot"},{"text":" like a seal or some other tasty snack","_key":"29b255b5c3c8","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" from the shark’s perspective.","_key":"23c28ab25226"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"af364ab3f50a"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"So before you head out into the ocean, make sure you pick up a few ultra-bright LED lights.","_key":"25e548aa5b490"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"c11a39b4ca97"}],"_rev":"5Gqb6ZZdooQz9bRCMPDdmw","visibility":"true"},{"_rev":"8mo9ZmDiJjo0jbbc0JYU0S","visibility":"true","_id":"790e730b-6f49-48ea-bbb5-ef6c16964291","category":"nature","summary":"The variety of viruses was beyond what researchers expected to find.","title":"What’s Lurking On Your Toothbrush? 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That makes it an ","_key":"0965d2bbd55f0"},{"_type":"span","marks":["9290b513f8b3"],"text":"intriguing","_key":"0965d2bbd55f1"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" place for scientists to start exploring, and a team at Northwestern University did just that.","_key":"0965d2bbd55f2"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"00e08bd5a87e","markDefs":[{"_type":"link","href":"https://gizmodo.com/viruses-found-on-toothbrushes-are-unlike-anything-seen-before-2000508550","_key":"9290b513f8b3"}]},{"style":"normal","_key":"8316cf4c2452","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Operation Pottymouth","_key":"b60696027dda0"}],"_type":"block"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The researchers involved in this study were motivated by a desire to learn more about the assorted bacterial biomes that exist in and around ordinary homes. The research started out","_key":"249f7c4728ff0"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" with a focus on toothbrushes","_key":"62d206659bf4"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", which inspired the study’s “Operation Pottymouth” nickname.","_key":"685a669e45b1"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"8ae138c8924b","markDefs":[]},{"children":[{"_key":"1c4763e23e950","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Lead researcher Erica Hartmann revealed that the variety of viruses on both toothbrushes and showerheads was far more diverse than anyone expected."}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"befac19ee860","markDefs":[]},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"“Not only did we find different phage on toothbrushes and showerheads, we found different phage on each toothbrush and each showerhead,” she said. “This amount of diversity is huge, and it isn’t because of anything specific to toothbrushes or showerheads. There are just","_key":"7cda3db0ba340"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" so many phage out there ","_key":"3869b7572632"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"waiting to be discovered.”","_key":"3cadfebaa17c"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"5b5d72defe45","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"With so much microscopic activity happening on your toothbrush, you might be concerned about safety. But the researchers determined that the viruses they commonly observed were completely harmless to humans.","_key":"f3cba1b09a980"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"235155f2d4ae"},{"_key":"075daacd002d","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"The phage factor","_key":"c3c8a0876fac0"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"children":[{"_key":"1ee4d790966a0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"It would be interesting enough if the study only led to discovering just how varied the bacterial biomes all around us actually are. But Hartmann says there are "},{"_key":"a4fc4ffdfcc2","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"even more valuable lessons"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" to be learned.","_key":"51c11123534f"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ac22009e0b2c","markDefs":[]},{"children":[{"_key":"59254e9701a70","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"She said bacteriophage (or simply “phage”) represents the “next frontier of biology.” It refers broadly to viruses that infect bacteria and begin replicating."}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"720983c4da31","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"“It could be that the next great antibiotic will be based on something that grew on your toothbrush,” Hartmann said. “Even if this doesn’t lead to some great new technology, it’s important to observe and record the diversity of phage because it","_key":"7712970d95310"},{"text":" expands our fundamental understanding ","_key":"4404de2f0456","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"of biology.”","_key":"db6aa5b7f79e"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"93f18b30c60b"}],"_createdAt":"2024-10-09T18:23:59Z"},{"summary":"There seems to be more than just the \"cuteness factor\" at play.","author":{"_ref":"phCNL32Gn","_type":"reference"},"publishDate":"2024-10-09","body":[{"_key":"925130281f66","markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"Even if you don’t spend hours a day scrolling social media, you’ve likely encountered some reference to one (or more) of three animals that have attracted attention around the world in recent weeks.","_key":"47d9348dcaeb0","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"children":[{"text":"Before we get into why they’re so ","_key":"27504d7e91df0","_type":"span","marks":[]},{"_type":"span","marks":["700e84668c4a"],"text":"popular","_key":"27504d7e91df1"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", perhaps","_key":"27504d7e91df2"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" a bit of introduction","_key":"f912f4e3266a"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" is in order:","_key":"401dd08cd933"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"f1133ab39c8c","markDefs":[{"_type":"link","href":"https://www.vox.com/science/376476/moo-deng-pesto-nibi-viral-animals","_key":"700e84668c4a"}]},{"level":1,"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"6f3f410705ca","listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Moo Deng","_key":"30e624d3db200"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":": We’ll start with the pygmy hippo born about two months ago at a zoo in Thailand. All it took was a few social media posts to send her into online superstardom, racking up 33 million views and even inspiring a bit on “Saturday Night Live.”","_key":"78793c4d1fdd"}]},{"listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Pesto","_key":"2519284f9f030"},{"marks":[],"text":": A 9-month-old king penguin at an aquarium in Melbourne, Australia, gained popularity when the public got a glimpse of just how big he is. Despite his young age, this flightless chick has grown to be at least twice as large as either of his parents.","_key":"32d591e18b8a","_type":"span"}],"level":1,"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"c9bce0d45506"},{"style":"normal","_key":"0262f9ab02a3","listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"373023b56a590","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Nibi"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":": There’s more behind this 2-year-old beaver’s story than just a memorable expression or an extra-large stature. 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Thousands supported an effort to keep Nibi at the rescue out of concern for her safety.","_key":"f14c199c2a07"}],"level":1,"_type":"block"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Each of these animals became popular for different reasons, but experts say there’s a common thread running through all three cases.","_key":"78239744e7a20"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"a520380488af","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"University of Washington psychology professor emeritus David Barash chalked it up to “","_key":"8cd122f976d40"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"baby schema","_key":"d4f3069754a6"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":",” which describes the innate human desire to treat things with a similar appearance to a baby “favorably” and “to see them as especially cute.”","_key":"9b5adfda8693"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"d7cc8675555e"},{"_key":"30646978ffd9","markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"“Mammals 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In these cases, it’s important to take positive steps toward a resolution.","_key":"df29885d6afa0","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"068a56d45997"},{"style":"normal","_key":"ac9411c78a04","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"But many other sources of anxiety are","_key":"b081069db41a0"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" rooted in uncertainty","_key":"4fa9c311a742"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" and perceived helplessness. On a personal level, this could include anything from health to finances.","_key":"7969a215e4b7"}],"_type":"block"},{"_key":"5bbcbfbc581b","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"And studies show that for many of us, the biggest contributors of stress are national if not global problems completely outside of our individual influence. 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As resilient as they might be, however, experts say many are proving to be no match for heat waves that are now dragging on longer than at any point in recent memory."}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"3be18c6bd8c3"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"As Las Vegas-area horticulturist Norm Schilling explained after surveying the vegetation in his neck of the woods: “We saw damage to plants this summer that had ","_key":"05a34b49e2560"},{"text":"never showed heat stress before","_key":"b1c627aafea8","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":".”","_key":"289f91436839"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"60e8792aae8a"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"2302b9eecbff","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Some plants that had been growing for decades were either already dead or in the process of succumbing to the ongoing drought and record temperatures.","_key":"7e42eb695a700"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Pointing to one such tree, Schilling said: “That juniper is probably ","_key":"ce56130c1b9b0"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"close to 40 or 50 years old","_key":"fc792bdd7f1d"},{"marks":[],"text":". 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Based on the giant panda’s average life expectancy, that translates to roughly 57 in human years.","_key":"aee1c3a13bf7"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The birth of any giant panda generally makes headlines, but Ocean Park Corporation chairman Paulo Pong said that the recent birth “is a true rarity” given the mother’s age.","_key":"3bcf433a5da00"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"24515fcba2dc"},{"style":"normal","_key":"c20ee29fc1ed","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"“As a first-time mother, Ying Ying was understandably nervous throughout the process,” the park explained in a statement. “She spent much of her time","_key":"cdca8696c0f80"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" lying on the ground and twisting","_key":"63a893c6d5a4"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":".”","_key":"2f5dfdec76b9"}],"_type":"block"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"1fc0bb4935bd","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Reports indicate labor, which can be complicated for the species, lasted for about five hours.","_key":"49b3127445b00"}]},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"43f3dd661318","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Introducing the babies","_key":"327dfe4a1b960"}]},{"style":"normal","_key":"31f9090c9ef4","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"Ying Ying reportedly gave birth to a female cub first, which weighed about 4.3 ounces, and delivered a male about an hour later, which tipped the scales at just under 4 ounces.","_key":"58a489cf7d550","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block"},{"style":"normal","_key":"4033113dfd9e","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"As of the latest updates available, both of the cubs were “","_key":"50ed871246060"},{"marks":["strong"],"text":"very fragile","_key":"be02d4e00fd5","_type":"span"},{"text":"” and remained in intensive care. They are not expected to appear in public for at least a few months.","_key":"80382f8284a9","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"There have been some promising developments in efforts to increase the population of giant pandas, which are no longer classified as endangered but are still listed as vulnerable.","_key":"19979c6a04730","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"c137c81d475f"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"97eab250209c","markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"Meng Meng, a giant panda living at the Berlin Zoo in Germany, is expected to give birth to twins","_key":"3f5439968fbd0","_type":"span","marks":[]},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" later this month","_key":"594138df0228"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":". 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Competitors met on","_key":"2ef692741b620"},{"text":" the French Polynesian island of Tahiti","_key":"fb784963d843","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", nearly 10,000 miles away from the impressive arenas and decorations erected to commemorate the Summer Olympic Games.","_key":"f37093ef16f1"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"But there was something the waters off the coast of Tahiti offered that Paris certainly didn’t have: a giant whale emerging from the water against the backdrop of the surfing semifinals.","_key":"fac487d8e99a0","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"c3db48db27c3"},{"_key":"bd3943d185c3","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Two Olympians, Tatiana Weston-Webb of Brazil and Brisa Hennessy of Costa Rica were getting ready for their opportunity to hit the waves when the majestic marine mammal jumped into the air headfirst. The breach evoked gasps of awe from the two competitors and others who witnessed the impressive feat.","_key":"f214519707410"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Of course, it’s not all that uncommon to spot a humpback whale in this area, particularly during the late summer and early fall months. But a breach like this one — ","_key":"f255291d60130"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"particularly with the whole world watching","_key":"ea07e3df2e91"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" — was quite remarkable and produced some of the most iconic imagery of the 2024 games.","_key":"7375ff8052a9"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"987f0f2132c7","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"129e1da50c850","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"And now for the humans"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"d7f4899efb0c"},{"style":"normal","_key":"336164f13c18","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"But in the end, this was a competition for which surfers from around have spent years training. 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Segal and Elizabeth Pratt-Thompson.","_key":"12062a42fa522"}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Nature vs. nurture","_key":"98f6ecb452690"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"22883f0632fa"},{"_key":"5fb2eee90fd5","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"IQ tests might not be a perfect measure of a person’s intelligence, but the Wechsler examination is highly respected among academics and","_key":"f79832cf25c80"},{"_key":"c0df3d009e32","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" provided a baseline"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" for this report.","_key":"6d5861e40732"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"The findings were published in the peer-reviewed Personality and Individual Differences journal, outlining the impact of both genetic and environmental influences on individuals over the course of years.","_key":"1649f9c2b1630","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"feafb40d974e"},{"children":[{"_key":"10eff86c861c0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The researchers focused on three groups of subjects:"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"cf2cacd7e869","markDefs":[]},{"_key":"db5d0750e871","listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"15 pairs of young ","_key":"79acf33946970"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Chinese monozygotic twins","_key":"335d09a77101"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" raised apart from each other","_key":"7552937a8eed"}],"level":1,"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"level":1,"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"50ea3f9c4d07","listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"aa36662bcd180","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"12 pairs of adult "},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Danish monozygotic twins","_key":"9df4f580497b"},{"_key":"3a165732afb2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" raised apart from each other"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"acb0955a19230","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"43 pairs of "},{"text":"“virtual” or unrelated twins","_key":"beccd0659519","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" raised together in the same home","_key":"d20d34b8e4ca"}],"level":1,"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"f2eaa34fe12a","listItem":"bullet"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"f9bb5865e22c","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"1419aa5e01760","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"And after comparing changes in the IQ test results after two examinations, the researchers reached a conclusion regarding how, and to what extent, genetics helps determine a person’s intelligence."}]},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"The effects of time","_key":"c2f9f57c9dba0"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"c5e2a3c95051","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"When studying the virtual twins, Segal and Pratt-Thompson found that their IQ levels moved further apart in the second test. On the other hand, the related twins — both in China and Denmark — saw their respective IQ levels grow closer as time elapsed.","_key":"908937bf61380"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"99e3e77bf838"},{"_key":"a5650d994ea2","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The result, according to the study, seems to be that environmental factors are ","_key":"939627afd09c0"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"very important during the early years","_key":"594f3760aad3"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":". 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But in most years, those parameters are established as broad dates during which conditions in the Atlantic Ocean could theoretically cause the formation of a serious tropical storm."}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"9a07c26cb3cb"},{"markDefs":[{"_type":"link","href":"https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/07/yes-you-should-be-a-little-freaked-out-about-hurricane-beryl/","_key":"82573e9c8e87"}],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Most of the time, significant storms (and hurricanes in particular) don’t start forming until the waters reach their highest temperatures late into the summer. That’s not the case in 2024, though, and that might be cause for ","_key":"18a7d85edcb10"},{"_type":"span","marks":["82573e9c8e87"],"text":"alarm","_key":"18a7d85edcb11"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":".","_key":"18a7d85edcb12"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"88d8a9124a0a"},{"_key":"07275301e0aa","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":["strong"],"text":"Over a Beryl","_key":"ba401e5ba8300","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Experts say the Atlantic is already as warm as it typically gets in late August, which has paved the way for Hurricane Beryl’s formation. 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But prior to this year, the","_key":"0866928422ab0"},{"text":" earliest date on record ","_key":"c13d7df40aa6","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"that a Category 5 hurricane had ever formed in the Atlantic was July 16.","_key":"679b858f912e"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"e71564400d3f","markDefs":[]},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"76810067a08b","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"What does it mean?","_key":"d84a76b6ae9a0"}]},{"_key":"cbfca6f4e7be","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"Scientists unsurprisingly place some of the blame for this and other weather-related anomalies on the impact of climate change. 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","_key":"76b11407a4860"},{"marks":["dc9366d87049"],"text":"assumptions","_key":"76b11407a4861","_type":"span"},{"marks":[],"text":" based on a split-second initial encounter, that doesn’t mean it’s smart.","_key":"76b11407a4862","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"9f45ad2aeaa9","markDefs":[{"_type":"link","href":"https://www.psypost.org/psychology-how-first-impressions-can-trap-us-into-making-suboptimal-decisions/#google_vignette","_key":"dc9366d87049"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"What the research shows","_key":"5ff962e41b6a0","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"2d401afbcc59"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Experts recently conducted research for a study that was just published in Motivation Science … and the results are pretty 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He added that this can lead us to believe we’ve made the best choice in a situation even if a more rational approach would have resulted in an objectively better outcome.","_key":"d91ee3863773","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block"},{"_key":"cd2b5e061d2d","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"“In other words, even when we get to make many repeated choices and even when the alternative is better, we might still continue","_key":"1517e07d24470"},{"_key":"7d2f9e6ee4d2","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" wrongly thinking that we have the best option"},{"marks":[],"text":",” Harris said. “I believe this research has implications for why stereotypes are so pervasive.”","_key":"0e0e3e4e5a10","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Two different experiments","_key":"e552ff168f900"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ee5b4b8e325c"},{"_key":"241d375485a2","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"In one study, subjects were asked to choose balls from a bag that would either add or subtract points from their total. 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Focusing on specific things will help you remember them for longer.","_key":"b45b710967f3"}],"level":1,"_type":"block"},{"children":[{"text":"Not all of the expert tips are specifically related to summer, but they can all be used throughout the season to get the most out of each day.","_key":"f50dc3eb0ae80","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"60f9a2397526","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"For example, if you’re feeling stagnant at your job or in your personal life, you might benefit from a change in scenery.","_key":"01c28ee955de0","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"1c995643d6be"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"672ecda27b85","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"Cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot referenced research showing that “if you","_key":"4a21c37f59e50","_type":"span"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" change your environment in a very simple 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That could be about to change.","_key":"aa6c109bf8e30"}]},{"style":"normal","_key":"46bc37cfefb3","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Cases spike nationwide","_key":"bff3d0b38acc0"}],"_type":"block"},{"style":"normal","_key":"cb6d38efaa4b","markDefs":[{"_type":"link","href":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/covid-summer-wave-rcna158638","_key":"8891edfb69a6"}],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Hopefully you’re staying healthy, but COVID-19 ","_key":"d13f0fb9082b0"},{"marks":["8891edfb69a6"],"text":"infections","_key":"d13f0fb9082b1","_type":"span"},{"_key":"d13f0fb9082b2","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" are clearly on the rise. Even though there’s not an official tally of cases like there was during the pandemic, other statistics are pointing toward a troubling trend as we get deeper into summer."}],"_type":"block"},{"_key":"60ccae8d4313","listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The rate of infection appears to be up in","_key":"24d3d5cc1e0c0"},{"_key":"b28368c7ada4","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" more than three dozen"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" states.","_key":"b46ca05ae27c"}],"level":1,"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"style":"normal","_key":"bf48834a3b37","listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"There’s ","_key":"9167045a40130"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"no U.S. state","_key":"f54cd19ce6fa"},{"marks":[],"text":" where cases are decreasing.","_key":"5392653cde3b","_type":"span"}],"level":1,"_type":"block"},{"_key":"80b7280a0a41","listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Reported COVID-19 hospitalizations ","_key":"27b9b8db3d810"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"spiked 25%","_key":"0c57d601fd90"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" between May 26 and June 1.","_key":"a141342e103b"}],"level":1,"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"65690903e21d","listItem":"bullet","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"In California, positive tests ","_key":"8801349739830"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"more than doubled","_key":"99c0c236e668"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" over the past month.","_key":"e08744279375"}],"level":1},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Infectious disease specialist Dr. Thomas Russo concluded: “It looks like the summer wave is starting to begin.”","_key":"ba5620f631ea0"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"2bcbef51b2c2","markDefs":[]},{"_key":"602e3459c96a","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Analyzing the risks","_key":"8ee10600a63d0"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"Summer has typically ushered in an increase in COVID-19 cases since more people are indoors together during the hottest months of the year. So the fact that infections are on the rise isn’t altogether unexpected — and experts seem to agree that there’s reason to believe this year’s variants won’t be as severe as those in years past.","_key":"7e95582f01480","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"39de7bd7acd6"},{"_key":"2339e588b855","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Nevertheless, some people are at higher risk of serious illness, and there’s a new variant — LB.1 — that is quickly spreading, currently ","_key":"cc61b3a0f3c20"},{"marks":["strong"],"text":"accounting for more than 17%","_key":"9f71e4f1e367","_type":"span"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" of reported cases.","_key":"65f6a225a847"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"style":"normal","_key":"448a5a9dd65b","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"“It’s sort of ","_key":"80800306c21f0"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"the newest kid on the block","_key":"c8e260328768"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":",” explained Dr. Dan Barouch of the Beth Israel Deaconess Center for Virology and Vaccine Research. “There’s not much known about it.”","_key":"925c7bf5411d"}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"Early evidence suggests LB.1 is more infectious and less responsive to vaccines than other variants.","_key":"384f35db1ca00","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"89e400bbecda"}],"category":"nature","id":"MZqsakpR","title":"COVID Is Staging A Summertime Comeback … Should You Be Worried?","author":{"_ref":"phCNL32Gn","_type":"reference"},"_id":"e2109f85-51a8-4710-9845-83e042445d9e","_updatedAt":"2024-06-25T23:02:19Z"},{"id":"1PTd2I3b","category":"nature","image":{"attribution":"Giphy","asset":{"extension":"gif","metadata":{"palette":{"_type":"sanity.imagePalette","darkMuted":{"background":"#6a594b","_type":"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch","foreground":"#fff","title":"#fff","population":8.15},"muted":{"background":"#ac937a","_type":"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch","foreground":"#000","title":"#fff","population":8.29},"lightVibrant":{"foreground":"#000","title":"#fff","population":0.18,"background":"#d99083","_type":"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch"},"darkVibrant":{"population":0.52,"background":"#734532","_type":"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch","foreground":"#fff","title":"#fff"},"lightMuted":{"title":"#fff","population":0.01,"background":"#d0c4b4","_type":"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch","foreground":"#000"},"vibrant":{"background":"#972617","_type":"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch","foreground":"#fff","title":"#fff","population":5.75},"dominant":{"title":"#fff","population":8.29,"background":"#ac937a","_type":"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch","foreground":"#000"}},"hasAlpha":true,"lqip":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAALABQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFwAAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQGBf/EACAQAAICAgICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAECAxEABAUhBjESUWH/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAQL/xAAaEQEAAwADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIRIUGh/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDXhgilUABevQyV1eIDeTbr7EJoUfkPQP5ljrim6ybXbnfyHbheVjGpFL9YeC9xAuVETd8jT8SXNlwvVAYY1NI4egxqsMusxxP/2Q==","dimensions":{"width":480,"aspectRatio":1.7777777777777777,"height":270,"_type":"sanity.imageDimensions"},"isOpaque":true,"blurHash":"M6H_0w~Uu24oDQ01%1%gR*M{10s9+bJ7Td","_type":"sanity.imageMetadata"},"mimeType":"image/gif","assetId":"02543c3f8bd718fb640a3aa10cc729a837927681","_createdAt":"2024-06-21T00:55:34Z","_updatedAt":"2024-06-21T00:55:34Z","_rev":"UU5Xfjrqun1nrUABczILqj","size":1531801,"originalFilename":"70319d52-1216-4ed8-bd95-b5cfb66a246a.gif","sha1hash":"02543c3f8bd718fb640a3aa10cc729a837927681","url":"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/8mioycse/v3/02543c3f8bd718fb640a3aa10cc729a837927681-480x270.gif","uploadId":"ar5EDf23QLtM7MXH760ioXrdb8Y32AS0","_type":"sanity.imageAsset","source":{"name":"Summer Solstice GIF by ABC Network","id":"1wR4V5Y0Wqjn0Jgh2k","url":"https://giphy.com/gifs/abcnetwork-1wR4V5Y0Wqjn0Jgh2k"},"path":"images/8mioycse/v3/02543c3f8bd718fb640a3aa10cc729a837927681-480x270.gif","_id":"image-02543c3f8bd718fb640a3aa10cc729a837927681-480x270-gif"},"crop":{"_type":"sanity.imageCrop","right":0,"top":0,"left":0,"bottom":0},"hotspot":{"_type":"sanity.imageHotspot","width":0.9109589041095887,"x":0.5,"y":0.5,"height":1},"_type":"image"},"body":[{"style":"normal","_key":"ba2570eb281b","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"If you’ve been living under the so-called “heat dome” lately, it might feel like summer began long before yesterday’s official start. And in fact, we did technically get an earlier start than usual.","_key":"2d4b0b4b97520"}],"_type":"block"},{"style":"normal","_key":"db55b7b45d1f","markDefs":[{"_type":"link","href":"https://www.npr.org/2024/06/20/nx-s1-5013295/summer-solstice-2024-early","_key":"e54f9ec506e7"}],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Although the summer solstice always occurs sometime between June 20 and 22, meteorologists say the exact ","_key":"54ce601df4390"},{"_type":"span","marks":["e54f9ec506e7"],"text":"moment","_key":"54ce601df4391"},{"_key":"54ce601df4392","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" that the season began was the earliest it had been in more than 200 years."}],"_type":"block"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ee911cc9df23","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Here’s some context","_key":"c5495ab258560"}]},{"style":"normal","_key":"684755923e98","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"9ec56da538850","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The solstice refers to the precise time at which the north pole reaches its most direct sunward tilt. This year, that occurred on June 20 at 1:24 p.m. (using a time measurement dating back to the 1800s). The last time it happened that early"},{"text":" was in the 1790s","_key":"f492cbfde95d","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]},{"text":".","_key":"6cdf7de84f0a","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"And there’s a pretty simple explanation for the anomaly. Due to the roughly one-quarter of a day extra in each year — i.e., the reason leap years exist — we’re always on a pendulum in which solstices and equinoxes either get earlier or later every four years.","_key":"b02220af71920"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"a81761c8413a"},{"_key":"ae5c1c85fd07","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"e9dca3f5df970","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The current trajectory is the former, and that is going to continue until 2096, when the leap year solstice will arrive"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" bright and early at 2:32 a.m.","_key":"25ce454128b4"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" Eastern Time.","_key":"8f727342e5ff"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"c8a64b6d58f5","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"499ac63191ba0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"As astrophysicist Ethan Seigel explained, that distant year will mark “the only summer solstice that people in the Pacific Time Zone of the Americas will experience on June 19 for several hundreds of years!”"}]},{"_key":"f70cdb7b1ad9","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"More than a moment","_key":"9f23a6ff539c0"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"6c79e210b3d2","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"We might put a lot of emphasis on the solstice itself, but that’s just a way to gauge the shift between seasons. In meteorological terms,","_key":"00fe8776029e0"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" summer began on June 1","_key":"983db87e98b6"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", as those who have spent the past few weeks drenched in sweat already know.","_key":"90277e986410"}]},{"children":[{"text":"And the sun doesn’t have to get all the attention. Tonight, June’s full moon (aka the Strawberry Moon) will be on display.","_key":"a6097a4382900","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"19873b5a7768","markDefs":[]}],"slug":"/story/2024/06/its-not-just-you-scientists-say-summer-actually-did-arrive-early-this-year","_type":"story","publishDate":"2024-06-21","_createdAt":"2024-06-21T00:56:27Z","_id":"02d9f65b-25ae-4230-8add-68710b316842","_rev":"UU5Xfjrqun1nrUABczIRFB","summary":"But it wasn't as early as it will be later on this century. ","title":"It’s Not Just You … Scientists Say Summer Actually Did Arrive Early This Year","visibility":"true","_updatedAt":"2024-06-21T00:56:27Z","author":{"_ref":"phCNL32Gn","_type":"reference"}},{"body":[{"style":"normal","_key":"0acd890bbed5","markDefs":[{"href":"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/animal-news/african-elephants-call-unique-names-new-study-shows-rcna156476","_key":"10385d4c9f47","_type":"link"}],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"It’s among the most common ways we distinguish people in our daily lives, but according to a recent ","_key":"2121d0fb851a0","_type":"span"},{"_type":"span","marks":["10385d4c9f47"],"text":"report","_key":"2121d0fb851a1"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", it’s not a uniquely human phenomenon.","_key":"2121d0fb851a2"}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"What’s in a name?","_key":"c8afcfbf93bc0"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"6bbb13e57706"},{"_key":"e29594811e5c","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"Just as you are likely accustomed to turning around whenever you hear someone say your name, scientists say African elephants have been conditioned to do the same. A recent study, results of which were published earlier this week, determined that these animals","_key":"42188dfcbdb60","_type":"span"},{"_key":"299e4e123133","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" use specific sounds to call out individuals"},{"marks":[],"text":" from within their herds.","_key":"62e733ece313","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"They might not sound like names as humans would recognize them (elephants emit low rumbles capable of spanning long distances) but they serve the same purpose.","_key":"e3302ae085ca0"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"b97aa3203d5e","markDefs":[]},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ecd365f009d2","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Ecologist Stuart Pimm of Duke University did not work on the study, but explained why it makes sense.","_key":"d551e0c6744d0"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"ca965f5ae3020","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"“If you’re "},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"looking after a large family","_key":"b94b42429326"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", you’ve got to be able to say, ‘Hey, Virginia, get over here!’” he said.","_key":"2bbef39fcc7d"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"6acfd4c84780"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"2a0fdc8e7a71","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Researchers used a computer model to predict which elephant was being called using audio recorded in nature. The results were","_key":"373902caf6e00"},{"_key":"77e8e31d8b63","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" accurate 28% of the time"},{"marks":[],"text":", compared to just 8% when the program was given a different audio input.","_key":"44849be0fa2a","_type":"span"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"Not just elephants","_key":"18683d3f17c00"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"72abd00a77b5"},{"style":"normal","_key":"7617998709bf","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"While elephants are the subject of this report, researchers say other species known for living in social and familial groups likely exhibit similar behavior. Specifically, experts believe dolphins and parrots have developed the ability to call and respond to individual names.","_key":"b2023490fb740"}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"But beyond that, biologists believe this is","_key":"503ebc284f890","_type":"span"},{"marks":["strong"],"text":" a very unusual ability in the animal kingdom","_key":"1db8ea2c6e87","_type":"span"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" and represents yet another reason that elephants are particularly intriguing creatures.","_key":"1496fa62fad3"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"41e61b1daaa3"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Study author Mickey Pardo noted that these wild animals seem to communicate in a surprisingly familiar manner.","_key":"99f440aae3a40"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"501b32279ba9","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"e9d477028c210","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"In analyzing the study results, he explained: “Just like humans, elephants use names, but"},{"text":" probably don’t use names in the majority of utterances","_key":"29443852d571","_type":"span","marks":["strong"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", so we wouldn’t expect 100%.”","_key":"324d1114bfdc"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"63a69af3166e"}],"visibility":"true","summary":"The way they \"talk\" appears to be an awful lot like human conversations. 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